-
1 arduum
arduum ī, n [arduus], a steep place, steep: ardua evadere, L.: in ardua montis ite, O.: per arduum scandere, H.—Fig., difficulty: nil mortalibus ardui est, H.* * *steep/high place, heights, elevation; arduous/difficult/hard task; challenge -
2 arduum
arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).I.Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:II.aether,
Ov. M. 1, 151:sidera,
id. ib. 1, 730:cedrus,
id. Am. 1, 14, 12:cervix equi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),
Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:supercilia,
i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:confragosus atque arduus clivis,
steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:ascensus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:arduus ac difficilis ascensus,
Liv. 25, 13:ardua et aspera et confragosa via,
id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:mons,
Ov. M. 1, 316:Tmolus,
id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,
Lucr. 1, 659:in ardua montis Ite,
Ov. M. 8, 692:ardua terrarum,
Verg. A. 5, 695:per arduum scandere,
Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:in arduo,
Tac. A. 2, 47:in arduis ponet nidum suum,
Vulg. Job, 39, 27:ardua Alpium,
Tac. H. 4, 70:castellorum,
id. A. 11, 9:ingressi sunt ardua,
Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —Trop.A.That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:B.magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,
Cic. Or. 10, 33:rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,
id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:id arduum factu erat,
Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:victoria,
Ov. M. 14, 453:virtus,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:nil mortalibus arduum est,
id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:nec fuit in arduo societas,
Tac. A. 12, 15.—Troublesome, unpleasant:C.in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,
Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,
Gell. 4, 15:quam arduum onus,
Tac. A. 1, 11.—Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,
in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used. -
3 arduus
arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).I.Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:II.aether,
Ov. M. 1, 151:sidera,
id. ib. 1, 730:cedrus,
id. Am. 1, 14, 12:cervix equi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),
Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:supercilia,
i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:confragosus atque arduus clivis,
steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:ascensus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:arduus ac difficilis ascensus,
Liv. 25, 13:ardua et aspera et confragosa via,
id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:mons,
Ov. M. 1, 316:Tmolus,
id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,
Lucr. 1, 659:in ardua montis Ite,
Ov. M. 8, 692:ardua terrarum,
Verg. A. 5, 695:per arduum scandere,
Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:in arduo,
Tac. A. 2, 47:in arduis ponet nidum suum,
Vulg. Job, 39, 27:ardua Alpium,
Tac. H. 4, 70:castellorum,
id. A. 11, 9:ingressi sunt ardua,
Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —Trop.A.That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:B.magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,
Cic. Or. 10, 33:rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,
id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:id arduum factu erat,
Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:victoria,
Ov. M. 14, 453:virtus,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:nil mortalibus arduum est,
id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:nec fuit in arduo societas,
Tac. A. 12, 15.—Troublesome, unpleasant:C.in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,
Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,
Gell. 4, 15:quam arduum onus,
Tac. A. 1, 11.—Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,
in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used. -
4 praeceps
praeceps cipitis, abl. cipitī, adj. [prae+ caput], headforemost, headlong: praecipitem (me) in pistrinum dabit, T.: ut Sopatrum praecipitem deiciant: praeceps ad terram datus, dashed to the ground, L.: Desilit, O.: se praecipitem tecto dedit, leaped headlong from the roof, H.—As subst n.: in praeceps deferri, headlong, L.— Headforemost, headlong, in haste, suddenly: ab inimicis circumventus praeceps agor, S.: ab equo praeceps decidit, O.: (apes) praecipites Cadunt, V.: praecipites fugae sese mandabant, Cs.— Downhill, steep, precipitous, abrupt, perpendicular: in declivi ac praecipiti loco, Cs.: saxa, L.: fossae, V.: iter, O.; cf. iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum.—As subst n., a steep place, precipice: turrim in praecipiti stantem, V.: immane, Iu.— Sinking, declining, falling: sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum, V.: in occasum sol, L.: senectus, Cu.— Swift, rapid, rushing, violent: Anio, H.: Boreas, O.: nox, fleeting, O.: remedium, Cu.—Fig., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate: agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium, pursue fiercely: praecipitem amicum ferri sinere, rush into the abyss: Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur, i. e. was hurried to ruinous heights of glory, Ta.— Rash, hasty, inconsiderate: quis potest esse tam praeceps?: cupiditas dominandi.— Inclined, prone, hasty: naturā ad explendam cupidinem, S.: praeceps ingenio in iram, L. — Dangerous, critical: in tam praecipiti tempore, O.—As subst n., great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances: se et prope rem p. in praeceps dederat, exposed to extreme danger, L.: levare Aegrum ex praecipiti, H.: Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit, i. e. at its extreme, Iu.* * *(gen.), praecipitis ADJhead first, headlong; steep, precipitous -
5 praeceps
praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].I.Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):B.praecipitem trahi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:aliquem praecipitem deicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:praeceps ad terram datus,
dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,
Ov. M. 12, 128:hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,
threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:aliquem in praeceps jacere,
headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,jacto in praeceps corpore,
id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:in praeceps deferri,
Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:abiit grex per praeceps in mare,
Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,
Cat. 17, 9:se jacere praecipitem e vertice,
id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:ab equo praeceps decidit,
Ov. Ib. 259:(apes) praecipites Cadunt,
Verg. G. 4, 80:aliquem praecipitem agere,
to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:praecipites se fugae mandabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24:Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,
Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:praeceps amensque cucurri,
Ov. M. 7, 844:praeceps Fertur,
is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:nuntii,
Tac. H. 2, 6.—Transf., of inanim. things.1.Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:b.in declivi ac praecipiti loco,
Caes. B. G. 4, 33:via (opp. plana),
Cic. Fl. 42, 105:saxa,
Liv. 38, 23:fossae,
Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:iter,
Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:loci,
Col. 1, 2:mons,
Plin. Pan. 16.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:2.turrim in praecipiti stantem,
Verg. A. 2, 460:specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,
Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:in praeceps pervenitur,
Vell. 2, 3, 4:immane,
Juv. 10, 107:altissimum,
App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,
Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—Sinking, declining:3.(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,
Col. 5, 6, 33:sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,
Verg. G. 3, 359:jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,
Liv. 10, 42:dies,
id. 4, 9; cf.:senectus,
Curt. 6, 5, 3. —In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;II. A.syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:Boreas,
Ov. M. 2, 185:nox,
fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:procella,
Stat. Th. 5, 419:oceani fragor,
Val. Fl. 3, 404:letum,
Sen. Hippol. 262:remedium,
Curt. 3, 6, 2.—In gen. (class.):B.noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,
almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,
chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,
to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,
am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:praeceps celeritas dicendi,
Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,
sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—In partic.1.Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:2.homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,
Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:praeceps consilium et immaturum,
Suet. Aug. 8:cogitatio,
id. Calig. 48:audacia,
Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—Inclined to any thing:3. b.praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,
Liv. 26, 38:praeceps ingenio in iram,
id. 23, 7:animus ad flagitia praeceps,
Tac. A. 16, 21.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.(α).Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:(β).se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,
brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:aeger est in praecipiti,
Cels. 2, 6.—The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):1.omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,
at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,
to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.Lit.:2.aliquem praeceps trahere,
Tac. A. 4, 62:ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,
Tac. A. 4, 62:toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,
Verg. A. 4, 253.—Trop.:eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,
brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:praeceps in exsilium acti,
suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21. -
6 praecipitium
praecĭpĭtĭum, ĭi, n. [praecipito].I.Lit., a steep place, an abrupt descent, a precipice (post-Aug.):B.in praecipitium propellere,
Suet. Aug. 79; Vulg. Judith, 7, 8.—Trop.:II.aut per confragosa vexabitur aut per praecipitia labetur,
Lact. 6, 17; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 41, 68.—Transf., a falling headlong, a falling down, a fall:dum aliorum praecipitium vident,
Lact. 2, 3:(herba urceolaris) contra, lapsus et praecipitia singularis,
Plin. 22, 17, 20, § 43. -
7 verruca
I.Lit., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6; 3, 7, 13 (cf. also Quint. 8, 3, 48; 8, 6, 14).—II.Transf1.A wart on the human body, Plin. 20, 12, 48, § 123; 22, 21, 29, § 59; 33, 4, 25, § 85.—2.An excrescence on precious stones, Plin. 37, 12, 74, § 195.—* B.Trop., a slight fault, small failing, opp. to tuber, Hor. S. 1, 3, 74. -
8 subeo
sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).I.Neutr.A.Lit.1.In gen.:b.subire sub falas,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:in nemoris latebras,
Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12, 1:in adversos montes,
id. 41, 18, 11:testudine factā subeunt,
advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:Albani subiere ad montes,
Liv. 1, 28, 5:subire ad portam castrorum,
id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:ad urbem subeunt,
id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:subeundum erat ad hostes,
id. 2, 31, 4:ad tecta subibant,
Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:muro subibant,
Verg. A. 7, 161; so,muro,
id. ib. 9, 371:portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),
id. ib. 3, 292:luco,
id. ib. 8, 125:dumis,
Sil. 5, 283:ingenti feretro,
Verg. A. 6, 222:age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,
id. ib. 2, 708:per vices subeunt elephanti,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:pone subit conjux,
follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:dexterae alae sinistra subiit,
Liv. 27, 2, 7:subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,
id. 25, 37, 6; and:subiit argentea proles,
Ov. M. 1, 114:subit ipse meumque Explet opus,
succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,
climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,
i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:adverso amne Babylona subituros,
id. 10, 1, 16.—Of things:2.stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,
Liv. 37, 4, 4:tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,
Curt. 9, 9, 7:venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,
the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:subeunt herbae,
come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,barba,
i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:subisse aquam in caelum,
Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—B.Trop.1.In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:2.fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,
Ov. M. 1, 130:pulchra subit facies,
id. ib. 14, 827:subit ecce priori Causa recens,
id. ib. 3, 259:an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?
id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,
Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:duo pariter subierunt incommoda,
arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,
Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,
approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:(β).omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,
Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,
Quint. 11, 2, 17:cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,
Ov. M. 15, 307:subit umbra,
id. ib. 12, 591:subeunt illi fratresque parensque,
id. ib. 11. 542:subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,
Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,
Ov. H. 18, 62:ne subeant animo taedia,
id. P. 4, 15, 30:quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,
to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:II.quo magis ac magis admirari subit,
Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,
id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,
Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.Act.A.Lit.1.In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:b.exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,
had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:tecta,
Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,
Verg. A. 6, 13:limina victor Alcides subiit,
id. ib. 8, 363:domos,
Ov. M. 1, 121:penates,
id. ib. 5, 650:macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:cum novies subiere paludem,
had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,
Verg. A. 3, 313:leones jugum subeant,
Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,
i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:subire iniquissimum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:collem,
to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,
Liv. 7, 12, 3:muros,
id. 27, 18:impositum saxis Anxur,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:si subeuntur prospera castra,
Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,
comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,
Quint. 4, 5, 5:precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,
approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:subit ille minantem,
id. ib. 8, 84:Aeneae mucronem,
Verg. A. 10, 798:qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,
Curt. 4, 13, 10:Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,
Juv. 2, 50.—Of things:2.umbra subit terras,
Ov. M. 11, 61:quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,
enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:montes Trasimenus,
Liv. 22, 4, 2:litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,
Curt. 7, 3, 19:radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,
id. 8, 11, 7:clarus subit Alba Latinum,
succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:furcas subiere columnae,
come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,
rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,
Curt. 4, 10, 5.—In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):B.multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,
Ov. M. 3, 282:subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,
id. H. 19, 56.—Trop.1. 2.In partic.a.To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):b.deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,
Liv. 36, 20:ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,
id. 37, 49, 3:spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,
id. 40, 8, 9:otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,
Quint. 11, 2, 33:majora intellectu animos non subibunt,
id. 1, 2, 28:mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,
Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:subit ergo regem verecundia,
Curt. 5, 2, 15:me recordantem miseratio,
Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,
Curt. 7, 1, 4.—To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):c.dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:subit ille loquentem talibus,
id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—(The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;2.a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?
id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:subire vim atque injuriam,
id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:maximas rei publicae tempestates,
id. Mur. 2, 4:invidiam, pericula, tempestates,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,
id. Pis. 35, 86:potentiam, victoriam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:contumeliarum verbera,
id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:majora Verbera,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:fortunam,
id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:judicium multitudinis imperitae,
id. Fl. 1, 2:odium eorum,
id. Att. 11, 17, 2:usum omnium,
id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:aliquid invidiae aut criminis,
id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:quemque casum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3:quamvis carnificinam,
id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:dupli poenam,
id. Off. 3, 16, 65:legis vim,
id. Caecin. 34, 100:summae crudelitatis famam,
id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:minus sermonis,
id. Att. 11, 6, 2:poenam exsilii,
Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:simultates,
Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:offensas,
id. ib. 13, 9, 26:periculum,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,
Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:adversa tela pellere,
Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:clavum torquere,
Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:repens, improvisus): res subita,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:in rebus tam subitis,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:maris subita tempestas,
id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:subita et improvisa formido,
id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:laetitia, etc.,
Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:subita pugna, non praeparata,
Quint. 7, 1, 35:ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,
Caes. B. G. 3, 8:novae rei ac subitae admiratio,
Liv. 2, 2:bellum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:incursiones hostium,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:ministeria belli,
Liv. 4, 27:imbres,
Lucr. 5, 216:vis,
id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:res,
id. 6, 1282:mors,
Quint. 7, 2, 14:casus,
id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:tristia,
Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:silentium,
Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;syn. subitarius),
Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),
Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:homo,
rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):non percussor ille subitus erumpet?
Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,
Tac. H. 3, 47:subitum inopinatumque venisse,
Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:evadere,
Flor. 4, 2, 59.—As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:b.Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:subitum est ei remigrare,
Cic. Fam. 13, 2:si tibi subiti nihil est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:in subito,
Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,
Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,
Tac. A. 15, 59:quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,
Suet. Aug. 84:si repentina ac subita dominantur,
Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:ad subita rerum,
Liv. 9, 43:ad subita belli,
id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:per subitum erumpit clamor,
Sil. 10, 505; so,per subitum,
id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;15, 404: in subitum,
id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:ita abripuit repente sese subito,
id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:subito tanta te impendent mala,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,
Cic. Font. 19, 42:ex oculis subito fugit,
Verg. G. 4, 499:cum subito ecce,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,
Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:subito deficere,
Quint. 7, 2, 14:quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39:subito opprimi,
Liv. 41, 3:si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:subito dicere,
without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,
id. ib. 1, 59, 252:neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,
id. Sull. 25, 69:aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,
id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,dicere,
Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:inventa (opp. domo allata),
id. 4, 5, 4:cum subito evaserunt,
Col. 9, 9, 3:tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,
so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3. -
9 Aornos
Ăornos, i, = Aornos (without birds) or hê Aornos limnê (v. Strab. 1, 26; 5, 244 sqq.).I. II.Fem.A.A very high, steep rock in India, Curt. 8, 11.—B.A place in Epirus, Plin. prooem. 4. -
10 derigo
dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:* b.coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:B.elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):II.ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.Trop.A.In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):B.materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).(α).With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:(β).orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—With in (not so in Cic.):(γ).tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—With abl. (only in Cic.):(δ).quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—Without an object:(ε).(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—(ζ).With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.A.Lit.:B.auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:a.o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):b.dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,dīrectō, directly, straight:* c. d.deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv. -
11 directum
dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:* b.coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:B.elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):II.ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.Trop.A.In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):B.materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).(α).With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:(β).orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—With in (not so in Cic.):(γ).tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—With abl. (only in Cic.):(δ).quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—Without an object:(ε).(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—(ζ).With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.A.Lit.:B.auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:a.o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):b.dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,dīrectō, directly, straight:* c. d.deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv. -
12 dirigo
dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).I.Lit.A.In gen.:* b.coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:crates,
id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:naves ante portum,
Liv. 37, 31; cf.:naves in pugnam,
id. 22, 19:vicos,
i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.castella,
Flor. 4, 12, 26:molem recta fronte,
Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:regiones lituo,
i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:finem alicui veterem viam regiam,
Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:aciem,
to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.frontem,
Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:membrana plumbo derecta,
ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:B.elephantum machaeră dirigit,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):II.ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,
Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:aciem ad te,
Cat. 63, 56:cursum ad litora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:equum in consulem,
Liv. 2, 6:currum in hostem,
Ov. M. 12, 78:tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,
Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:hastam in te,
Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:dentes in inguina,
id. ib. 8, 400:cursum in Africam,
Vell. 2, 19 fin.:cursum per auras in lucos,
Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:navem eo,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:gressum huc,
Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:Ilo hastam,
Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,
to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:iter navis,
Ov. F. 1, 4:cursum,
Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:spicula,
Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:hastile,
Verg. A. 12, 490:tela,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:sagittas,
Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:vulnera,
Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:vulnera alicui,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.Trop.A.In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):B.materias divisione dirigere,
Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).(α).With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:(β).orationem ad exempla,
id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:judicium ad ea,
id. 6, 5, 2:se ad id quod, etc.,
id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:se ad ea effingenda,
id. 10, 1, 127:praecipua rerum ad famam,
Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140:vitam ad certam rationis normam,
to conform, id. Mur. 2:leges hominum ad naturam,
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—With in (not so in Cic.):(γ).tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:communes locos in vitia,
id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—With abl. (only in Cic.):(δ).quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:omnia voluptate,
id. ib. 2, 22, 71:utilitatem honestate,
id. Off. 3, 21, 83:haec normā,
id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—Without an object:(ε).(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,
Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—(ζ).With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.A.Lit.:B.auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.aes (tubae), opp. flexum,
Ov. M. 1, 98:iter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.trabes,
id. ib. 7, 23, 1:ordo (olearum),
Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:arcus (opp. obliquus),
Ov. M. 2, 129:paries,
i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:cornu,
Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,
in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,
Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),
Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:a.o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:iter ad laudem,
id. Cael. 17, 41:vera illa et directa ratio,
id. ib. 18:tristis ac directus senex,
id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,
id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,
Liv. 21, 19; cf.contiones,
Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):verba,
Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:actio,
Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.institutio (opp. precaria),
id. 29, 1, 19:libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),
id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):b.dicere,
Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:ire,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,dīrectō, directly, straight:* c. d.deorsum ferri,
Cic. N. D. 1, 25:transversas trabes,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:ad fidem spectare,
Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:directius gubernare,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.
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